Rat CPA2(Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic) ELISA Kit

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2) in samples from Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: Recombinant Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic expressed in: E.coli

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2)

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with FITC.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with HRP.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with PE.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A2, Pancreatic (CPA2). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Guinea pig Carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Carboxypeptidase A2 (CPA2) . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mM NaCl, pH8.0.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mM NaCl, pH8.0.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mM NaCl, pH8.0.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mM NaCl, pH8.0.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mm NaCl, pH 7.5.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mm NaCl, pH 7.5.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mm NaCl, pH 7.5.

Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM TrisHCl, 150mm NaCl, pH 7.5.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: Rabbit polyclonal Carboxypeptidase A2 antibody

Description: Mouse polyclonal to Carboxypeptidase A2

Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Carboxypeptidase A2

Description: Rabbit polyclonal to Carboxypeptidase A2

Description: Description of target: ;Species reactivity: Rat;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay;Sensitivity: < 0.31 ng/mL

Description: Recombinant Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic expressed in: E.coli

Description: A synthetic peptide for use as a blocking control in assays to test for specificity of Carboxypeptidase A2 antibody, catalog no. 70R-12112

Description: Carboxypeptidase A2 (CPA) is a secreted pancreatic procarboxy-peptidase that cleaves the C-terminal amide or ester bond of peptides that have a free C-terminal carboxyl group. The hydrolytic action of CPA2 was identified with a preference towards long substrates with aromatic amino acids in their C-terminal end, particularly tryptophan. CPA2 comprises a signal peptide, a pro region and a mature chain, and can be activated after cleavage of the pro peptide. Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated, and the A1 and A2 forms are always secreted as monomeric proteins with different biochemical properties. In contrast to procarboxypeptidase B which was always secreted by the pancreas as a monomer, procarboxypeptidase A occurs as a monomer and/or associated to one or two functionally different proteins, such as zymogen E, and is involved in zymogen inhibition.

Description: Mouse carboxypeptidase A2(CPA2) is a secreted pancreatic procarboxy -peptidase which belongs to the peptidase M14 family. CPA2 consists of a signal peptide, a pro region and a mature chain. It can be activated after cleavage of the pro peptide. CPA2 cleaves the C-terminal amide or ester bond of peptides that have a free C-terminal carboxyl group. The hydrolytic action of CPA2 was identified with a preference towards long substrates with aromatic amino acids in their C-terminal end, particularly tryptophan.

Description: Antibody raised against Carboxypeptidase A2

Description: Mouse monoclonal to Carboxypeptidase A2

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1)

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with APC.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with FITC.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with HRP.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with PE.

Description: Description of target: Carboxypeptidase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA2 gene. This gene is mapped to 7q32.2. Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. The encoded protein represents the A2 form, which is a monomeric protein with different biochemical properties from the A1 and A3 forms. The A2 form of pancreatic procarboxypeptidase acts on aromatic C-terminal residues and is a secreted protein.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <15pg/ml

Description: For quantitative detection of human CPA2 in cell culture supernates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA).

Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a member of the carboxypeptidase A family of zinc metalloproteases. The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing that removes the N-terminal activation peptide to generate a functional enzyme. This gene is expressed by the pancreatic exocrine cells which secrete the enzyme during digestion. This gene is located in a cluster of carboxypeptidase genes on chromosome 6.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 40.3 pg/mL

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Amylase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Amylase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Amylase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Lipase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Lipase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Lipase in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Carboxypeptidase B1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Carboxypeptidase B1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Carboxypeptidase B1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse, Rat Carboxypeptidase A1, Pancreatic (CPA1). This antibody is labeled with APC-Cy7.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Pancreatic Lipase, PL in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Pancreatic Lipase, PL in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Pancreatic prohormone (PPY) in samples from serum, plasma. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.

Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Pancreatic prohormone(PPY) in samples from serum, plasma. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.

Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Competitive Inhibition method for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in samples from Serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in samples from serum, plasma or other biological fluids.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Derived Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Derived Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic Derived Factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic prohormone(PPY) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic prohormone(PPY) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Pancreatic prohormone(PPY) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Lipase, Pancreatic (PL) in samples from Serum, plasma and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP).

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP).

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP).

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP).

Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in samples from n/a with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.